КОНСТРУЮВАННЯ ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ПАМ’ЯТІ В ІСПАНІЇ В УМОВАХ ПЕРЕХОДУ ВІД ФРАНКІЗМУ ДО ДЕМОКРАТІЇ

Лесняк В.Ю. (2014) КОНСТРУЮВАННЯ ІСТОРИЧНОЇ ПАМ’ЯТІ В ІСПАНІЇ В УМОВАХ ПЕРЕХОДУ ВІД ФРАНКІЗМУ ДО ДЕМОКРАТІЇ. Панорама політологічних студій, 2014: Вип. 12. с. 217-225.

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Анотація

У статті проаналізовано функціонування історичної пам’яті у суспільнополітичному просторі Іспанії в умовах демократичного транзиту. Особливу увагу приділено дослідженню розбіжностей у трактуванні громадянської війни та сутності режиму генерала Франсиско Франко після його смерті у 1975 році.

В статье проанализировано функционирование исторической памяти в общественно-политическом пространстве Испании в условиях демократического транзита. Особенное внимание уделено исследованию расхождений в понимании гражданской войны и сути режима генерала Франсиско Франко после его смерти в 1975 году.

In the article the functioning of historical memory in socio-political space in Spain during the process of democratization is analyzed. The great attention is payed to the problems of the controversies that had accumulated around historical memory and are connected with the revision of history, including the Civil War followed by the institution of dictatorship by general Francisco Franco and the democratic transformation after the dictator’s death in 1975.
The process of constructing of historical memory in the conditions of transition from franquism to democracy was divided into a few periods. The official politics of historical memory in Spain was realized on the basis of "denial of memory” duringFranco’s autocratic dictatorship, related to propaganda of nationalism and catholicism, ideology of "The Spanish Traditionalist Phalanx of the Assemblies of the National Syndicalist Offensive". "Politics of oblivion" was inculcated on the basis ofgeneral national consensus between the Union of the Democratic Centre and opposition political forces in 1977–1982 at the time of spanish democratic transition. The legislative base of “The Pact of Forgetting” (“Pacto del olvido”) was the Amnesty Law of 1977. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (opposition party to franquism) of politics of historical memory in Spain did not change substantially at the time of the rule 1982–1996. The stage of "recovery of historical memory" began on the basis of activation of public discussions in relation to the past in 1996–2004 during the rule of The People's Party. However in the course of the rule of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party there was a process of deep revision of historical vision of Spanish Civil War and dictatorship of general Francisco Franco. The important element of politics of recovery of historical memory in Spain passing an Law of Historical Memory in October 2007.
In the article is concludes that construction of historical memory in Spain during the process of transition from franquism to democracy came true on the basis of gradual substitution of politics of the pact of forgetting by a model of politics recovery of historical memory.

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